Hi Class,
Please answer the following:
1. Describe the three theories of Language Development: Learning Theory, Noam Chomsky and Interactionist Theory.
2. Which of the three theories do you think is applicable in the Filipino setting. Explain.
Doc Raquel
Please answer the following:
1. Describe the three theories of Language Development: Learning Theory, Noam Chomsky and Interactionist Theory.
2. Which of the three theories do you think is applicable in the Filipino setting. Explain.
Doc Raquel
1.Theories of Language Development
ReplyDeleteBehavior can be learned. This is what B. F. Skinner strongly argued when he developed operant conditioning--- a type of learning that makes use of positive and negative reinforcement, likewise known as reward and punishment, respectively. The caregiver should encourage the forms of communication put forth by the infant---whether it’s crying, cooing or babbling. The encouragement of these activities will set the child toward future inclination to communicate with the use of newer words. When the infant cries, coos or babbles, it’s important for the child to hear a response---with a sound, a touch or needs gratification—as forms of rewards for its attempt to communicate. And as the child grows---these attempts to communicate should be further enforced by teaching new words, rewarding or positively reinforcing as the child pursues precise imitation of the words being taught. And if the child commits mistakes, the child should be punished—not in the negative context of the word--but by making the necessary corrections immediately to learn the new words correctly and prevent unnecessary unlearning of the mistakes in the future.
In opposition to B.F. Skinner’s learning theory, Noam Chomsky linguistic theory states that genetic and biologic factors determine the language structure of the human species. He argued that human species are different from animals because we have a language acquisition device (LAD), something that animals don’t have. Otherwise, animals will talk to one another the way humans do—like Disney animal characters talking. Chomsky said that heredity presupposes the possibility of language learning---it is innate in us to communicate in whichever way we can, hence he believed in the Universal Grammar. It doesn’t matter where the person was born—Philippines or Iceland---they will find a way to create a language—Filipino and Icelandic. It doesn’t matter in which time period we were born---3400 BC or 2014 AD---we will find a way to create a language---Egyptian or Jejemon.
From the preceding perspectives, a theory that states the combination of biological and social factors in language development emerged---this is the Interactionist theory. It argues that language learning is motivated by the child’s desire to communicate with others---a social act---that requires a brain with inherent ability to learn—a biologic factor. Lev Vygotsky, the main theorist associated with the interactionist theory concluded that collaborative conversation is key to effective language development.
2. Which theory is most applicable in the Filipino Setting? Explain
Interactionist theory, I think, is the most applicable language development theory in the Filipino Setting. Why? Filipinos, primarily are one of the most sociable people in the world. Furthermore, the Philippines is a democratic country that renders a culture of communication, interaction and collaboration.
In the Filipino family, a child is considered a blessing by parents, grandparents, aunts, aunties, neighbors, and the list goes on and on. Everybody wants to interact with the infant---kiss, touch and sometimes, unfortunately for the infant, pinch. The infant seems to hypnotize the people around him/her. And who wouldn’t surrender to the innocent, yet unconditional smile of the infant? The Filipino culture is a culture grounded on socialization.
Soon, the child---literally and figuratively—is raised by the community. The child’s language is developed by constant collaboration with members of the family, community and school.
But the social aspect is not the sole factor for language development, according to the interactionist theory.
To address the biologic aspect, the OB-Gyne specialist also takes into consideration high-risk pregnancies, and recommends necessary precautions to avoid dangers in labor and delivery and prevent neurological problems in the future that may hamper the child's language development.
These arguments uphold the applicability of the interactionist theory in the Filipino setting.
1. The Learning Perspective
ReplyDeleteThe Learning perspective argues that children imitate what they see and hear, and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement. (Shaffer, Wood,and Willoughby,2002).
The main theorist associated with the learning perspective is B.F. Skinner. Skinner argued that adults shape the speech of children by reinforcing the babbling of infants that sound most like words.
The Nativist Perspective
The nativist perspective argues that humans are biologically programmed to gain knowledge. The main theorist associated with this perspective is Noam Chomsky. He proposed that all humans have a language acquisition device (LAD). The LAD contains knowledge of grammatical rules common to all languages.The LAD also allows children to understand the rules of whatever language they are listening to. Chomsky also developed the concepts of transformational grammar, surface structure, and deep structure.
Transformational grammar is grammar that transforms a sentence. Surface structures are words that are actually written. Deep structure is the underlying message or meaning of a sentence.
Interactionist Theory
Interactionists argue that language development is both biological and social. Interactionists argue that language learning is influenced by the desire of children to communicate with others. The Interactionists argue that "children are born with a powerful brain that matures slowly and predisposes them to acquire new understandings that they are motivated to share with others”
The main theorist associated with interactionist theory is Lev Vygotsky. Interactionists focus on Vygotsky's model of collaborative learning. Collaborative learning is the idea that conversations with older people can help children both cognitively and linguistically.
2. For me, the most applicable theory in Filipino setting is the interactionist theory; we Filipinos are naturally talkative in nature. We love to talk, tell stories and socialize or interact. Through this we develop our speech or language, that’s why I think and believe that our language development in both biological and social. As I’ve stated we develop our language through interaction, the more we interact the more we practice and learn how to use the language, and I can attest to that, my native tongue is Filipino or Tagalog that’s why I’m not used to speak in English which is my second language but then the more I interact or communicate with people who use to speak in English I learned, I also practice it and I notice that I improved and enhance my skills in communication.
1. Theories of Language Development
ReplyDeleteLEARNING THEORY – B.F. Skinner’s learning theory believes that learning is controlled and behavior is shaped through reinforcement. Reinforcement is of two kinds – reward and punishment. Reward is given to someone after portraying desirable traits whereas punishment is after displaying of unpleasant attitudes. In this theory, adults said to help the children in developing their language through reinforcements.
NOAM CHOMSKY – in his theory, Chomsky gave importance on the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Accordingly, only humans acquire the LAD enabling them to produce and understand languages. Likewise, his theory proposes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language.
INTERACTIONIST THEORY – this theory believes that biological and social factors have great influences on the language development. According to the Interactionist theory, environment plays a vital role in the language development of a child. Through interacting with the environment, a child acquires new knowledge that would enhance and develop their cognitive and language capacity.
2. Interactionist theory would be the most applicable language development theory in the Filipino setting. We all know that we, Filipinos, are sociable. Along with this characteristic is the reality that we are also talkative. We always believe on the cliché -- “Freedom of speech.” So with this, I can say that Filipinos developed best their language capacity through social interaction. We do not interact just to talk, we interact to communicate and learn.
question nu 1.
ReplyDeleteThe Innatist Theory of Noam Chomsky children are described like a CD play ready to be played on what ever language is needed to be used. He says that there is an inner biological syntax in every child which pertains to language and this is activated depending on the environment he is exposed with.; Piaget's Cognitive theory on language is describes as while a child develop the use of his body parts by experimenting on different motions and actions, the child also experiments on the use of his mouth to produce sound in order to communicate. And finally Vygotsky's Social Contextual theory refers to the learning of language is parallel to what is learned when a child is interacting with others. He said that the language development follows with influence of cognitive development and this is acquired through social interaction.
Question nu 2.
For me all of these theories are applicable to any developing child to acquire language. I believe that each person has an innate thing for the capacity to learn language; that children would experiment on his body parts and see what it does for him to survive; and a child learns new things, ideas and to speak through social interaction. But should I be asked to choose among these theories I would perhaps go with Social Contextual Theory, it is by nature to us Filipino that we do a lot of copying with our neighboring countries. We can easily imitate things, the way the westerners dress up, speak, converse, their music and art, etc. It is also basic that a Filipino child is greatly influenced by his social interaction with his environment which most probably would greatly influence the language that he speaks.
Question no. 1.
ReplyDeleteA. Learning theory - this theory focuses on operant conditioning wherein it uses positve and negative reinforcement such as reward and punishment in which the child will receive reward if he/she will do desirable traits or doing and will receive punishment if they will make undesirable or unpleasnlant behaviors.
B. Nativist theory - this theory focuses on language acquisition device (LAD) which is innate to all humans that enable them to understand language. To simplify, it only proposes that we are born with ability to understand and produce human language
C. Interactionist theory - this theory proposes that environment plays a vital role in the language development of the children. It explains that through everyday interaction the child will be able to acquire knowledge and enhance his/her learning capacity.
Question no. 2 :
For me, interactionist theory will be the most applicable when it comes to filipino settings. We are all acquainted that we learn a lot of ideas when we socialize with others and environment really plays an essential role in child's development. Filipinos are known to be very sociable and we love expressing our opinions that we usually learn through our experiences and daily interactions since we dont just socialize to mingle but to learn and enhance our skills
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ReplyDelete1. Theories of Language Development
ReplyDeleteLearning Theory - B. F. Skinner argued that verbal language is learned through operant conditioning. Children learn language behavior through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping from the environment. It is controlled through reinforcement from an external source (e.g., parents and other caretakers). If a child emits a sound and is positively reinforced, the child will continue and, in all likelihood, increase the amount of sounds. On the other hand, if the child is punished for his/her language behavior, the sounds will decrease and eventually stop. As children get older, parents continue to reinforce and shape their language attempts. Language behaviorists also believe that children eventually learn to imitate more complex words and sentences produced by their adult models.
Noam Chomsky – He gave emphasis on humans´ inborn biological ability to learn and generate complex language. Language is innately human, acquired through biological maturation rather than learned over time. He argues that we all have a built-in cognitive system in our brain; he referred to this system as a language acquisition device (LAD). It allows us to develop language naturally as we do vision and hearing; and enables us to acquire and process language by interpreting language, developing grammatical rules, and generating language responses. And later he replaced the LAD with the notion of universal grammar (UG), that humans are born with the UG rules already built in, and this is what gives us the ability to learn any language.
Interactionist Theory – language development is a product of both nature and nurture. A child´s language is developed through the interaction of her biological make-up and the impact of her environment. This theory emphasizes the social or realistic function of language development. Infants begin to develop language through social interactions with their caregivers. When the child begins to produce verbal language sounds, the adult responds with more complex forms. Then the child imitates the more complex form, and so on.
2. We, Filipinos are very sociable people, we love to talk and share our beliefs, values, or just chat with our family and friends, and for this reason I believe that the interactionist theory is very much applicable in the Filipino setting. Language development is a product of both nature and nurture, the environment a child develops in has influences on his/her language development. The environment provides language input for the child to process. And constant interaction by adults to children will help the child with correct language usage, and further expand his/her verbal communication.
1. Learning Theory follows the lead of B.F. Skinner’s “operant conditioning” which describes that behaviors are learned through reinforcements. Behaviors that are reinforced tend to be repeated and strengthened while on the other hand, behaviors which are not reinforced tend to die out quickly. In language development words that are always heard then repeated by a child tend to stick on the mind. For example, babies usually learned one word at a time like “mama”, “papa”, etc. because mothers keep on repeating it to babies and they just imitate those words.
ReplyDeleteNoam Chomsky, on the other hand, believes that it is in our genetic make-up the capacity to learn language. It is like saying, whether we like it or not, learning language is inevitable, and will surely happen to us.
However, Interactionist Theory states that social interaction prevails when it comes to language development. What is innate/biological capacity should be experienced/communicated in order to learn, thus our contacts with others influence our development. Our communications and interactions with others are the factors on our development.
2. I will answer the 2nd question based on a personal experience. I’ve been living in an international community for 5 years now. Throughout these years I learn some words of Bahasa, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Spanish. So for me as a Filipino the most effective is through interactions and speaking with them, it is also true to most of my Filipino colleagues. But because of the nature of our community and interactions with them I tend to mixed up everything. Even though, I believe the Interactionist theory is most applicable for Filipinos.
What I notice with my foreign colleagues is different. They learn the English or Filipino language not by interaction but rather by studying the dictionary and consulting the grammar books before applying what they learned. For most of them even if they know the rules and grammar of the English/Filipino language but they cannot speak well. For some of them they understand Tagalog but they cannot speak the language.
1) a. Learning Theory: Argues that children imitate what they see and hear, and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement. This is associate with B.F. Skinner. Skinner highly argues that adults shape the speech of children by reinforcing the babbling of infants that sound most like words.
ReplyDeleteb. The Nativist Perspective: Argues that humans are biologically programmed to gain knowledge. The main theorist associated with this perspective is Noam Chomsky. He believes that all humans have a language acquisition device (LAD). The LAD contains knowledge of grammatical rules common to all languages. The LAD also allows children to understand the rules of whatever language they are listening to.Chomsky also developed the concepts of transformational grammar, surface structure,and deep structure. Transformational grammar is grammar that transforms a sentence. Surface structures are words that are actually written. Deep structure is the underlying message or meaning of a sentence.
c. Interactionist Theory: Interactionists argue that language development is both biological and social. Interactionists argue that language learning is influenced by the desire of children to communicate with others.
The Interactionists argue that "children are born with a powerful brain that matures slowly and predisposes them to acquire new understandings that they are motivated to share with others". The main theorist associated with interactionist theory is Lev Vygotsky.Interactionists focus on Vygotsky's model of collaborative learning. Collaborative learning is the idea that conversations with older people can help children both cognitively and linguistically.
2) In my opinion, Interactionist theory is most applicable when it comes to Filipino setting because Filipinos like to socialize a lot, and they believe that they learn better through socialization. Because for me I learn better when socializing, when talking about a lesson instead of reading.
1. Describe the three theories of Language Development: Learning Theory, Noam Chomsky and Interactionist Theory.
ReplyDeleteAnswer:
Learning Theory
In this theory language acquisition can be explained using the principles of learning such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
Skinner argued that children learn language as parents selectively reward or punish only those behaviors which they recognize as appropriate, grammatically correct utterances.
Bandura argued that language learning takes place primarily by processes of observation & imitation. Children overhear language being used and they imitate the behavior of these models.
Noam Chomsky argued that many aspects of language are not learned but are a part of our biological endowment. Chomsky (1968) proposed that children come equipped with an innate mental structure -- the language acquisition device (LAD) -- which makes learning easier. According to Chomsky, the LAD contains a set of features common to all languages, which he termed a universal grammar. Universal grammar refers to the entire set of rules or linguistic parameters which specify all possible human languages.
Interactionist Theory states that language is acquired by the interaction of children with their surroundings. Language development is both biological and social.
2. Which of the three theories do you think is applicable in the Filipino setting? Explain.
Answer:
All theories contribute to the study of human language. Therefore it doesn’t mean that only one theory is applicable in the Filipino setting since Filipinos are all humans one and the same with other races only with a different culture. Culture may be a factor in human language development, however, we must also consider that all people in the world including Filipinos have different learning styles and intelligences as argued by Gardner in his Multiple Intelligence theory. In addition to that, some aspects of culture can be common across the globe. Harsh and good environment can also happen across the globe. Some Language is also categorized as verbal linguistic intelligence. Some individuals regardless of their nationality can be really good in other languages. If one theory is effective enough to apply on Filipinos, then, 70-80% of Filipinos regardless of their social status as long as the theory is applied in basic education would be good speakers. This is my opinion only. :)
1. Noam Chomsky explained a language development through stating the nativist approach. For Chomsky, human beings have the universal grammar that states “ a genetically specified awareness of those rules of grammar that are to be found in all languages.” Human beings have the means whereby children set about constructing the grammar of their native language. Learning theory is promulgated by the behaviorism that states that learning language is through environmental influences through the concept of reward and punishment and through repetition. However, the interactionist constructed their own learning theory by focusing on conversation as the primordial experience of learning language.
ReplyDelete2. Interactionist theory is closely applicable to the Filipino society. We learn language by constantly using the language. Through repetition, submerging, and absorbing ourselves to the prescribed language the Filipinos learn the language. In the enhanced basic education, Filipinos learn through subjectivng themselves in learning other languages by means of constant usage and practice.
Again, catherine, allan fernando and al rajih, your comment are not found on this blog!
ReplyDelete